Animal Behaviors and Plant Structures - Reproductive Success
Use argument based on empirical evidence and scientific reasoning to support an explanation for how characteristic animal behaviors and specialized plant structures affect the probability of successful reproduction of animals and plants respectively.

Environmental and Genetic Growth Factors
Construct a scientific explanation based on evidence for how environmental and genetic factors influence the growth of organisms.

Mutations - Harmful, Beneficial or Neutral
Develop and use a model to describe why structural changes to genes (mutations) located on chromosomes may affect proteins and may result in harmful, beneficial, or neutral effects to the structure and function of the organism.

Asexual and Sexual Reproduction
Develop and use a model to describe why asexual reproduction results in offspring with identical genetic information and sexual reproduction results in offspring with genetic variation.